【同义词辨析】 2020-02-27 复杂complex-knotty

complex: suggests the unavoidable result of bringing together various parts, notions, or details and does not imply a fault or failure: a ~ problem that calls for a ~ solution.


complicated: applies to what offers difficulty in understanding, solving, or dealing with: baffled by the ~ budgetary procedures.


intricate: suggests difficulty of understanding or appreciating quickly because of perplexing interweaving or interacting of parts: the ~ balance of power among nations.  perplex困惑adds to puzzle a suggestion of worry and uncertainly, especially about making a necessary decision,如an odd change of personality that perplexed her friends她奇怪的性格改变令朋友感到困惑


involved: implies extreme complication and often disorder: an ~ explanation that clarifies nothing.


knotty: suggests complication and entanglement that make solution or understanding impossible: ~ questions concerning freedom of press and censorship.   entangle缠绕卷住陷入


complex复杂: 表示不可避免的结果,因为部分概念细节,而非过失过错,complicated复杂: 指难以理解解决处理,intricate复杂: 表示各部分交互交织使人困惑,involved复杂: 指极端复杂,常表示混乱,knotty复杂多结节: 到了无法理解解决的程度


记忆方法: 1)首字母CCIIK一次一次看,反复看<==复杂    的本义是"返回,回来",会意字从从日从夊。""意为"朝一个方向延展",日指太阳,夊是""的变体,表示和脚或行走有关。日夊联合起来表示"太阳回到东方起点上",即本义是太阳返回,即日复一日。太阳返回不是一次性的,因此引申为表示"不是单一的或一次性的"。本义引申义较难区分也不必区分,如往复回复恢复答复复习复杂复方山重水复   ""表示"由多个种类构成",本义指"以各种彩色搭配制作衣服",引申指"参和混合",又引申为"不纯的"。最早杂字由"衣"和"集"构成,经过不断简化,从字形上已经看不出来了。<说文解字>对杂的解释:"五彩相会,从衣集声"   

         2)复杂的意思是交织难辨mean having confusingly interrelated parts. 之前参加一次考试,抽到的作文题目是"复杂度complexity",引用过这段话:"Fools ignore complexity. Pragmatists suffer it. Some can avoid it. Geniuses remove it天才消灭复杂度",软件工程software engineering的"中心任务"是"控制复杂度complexity control","控制复杂度只有一种方法:divide and conquer分而治之","分析analyze"是指把复杂的事物分隔成组成部分或元素analyze means to divide a complex whole into its parts or elements,有一种观点: "如果你能把一个大问题分隔成几个小问题,问题就已经解决了一大半",可见分析是关键。